A Proposal on Bottleneck of Agriculture Commercialization

 Proposal on Bottleneck of Agriculture Commercialization
File:Agriculture in Vietnam with farmers.jpg

                               



Submitted By
Anup Bhandari
Ashok Panjiyar
Ankeet Sah
Ashmita Bhatt
Ashmita Bhattrai
Ashmita Sapkota
Arjun Dhamala
Anushuya
Aradhana Panthee




Introduction

Agriculture, which employs two third of the country's labor force and contributes more than 1/3rd of gross domestic product is the main source of food, income and employment for the majority of the population. Although the cultivable land is 3091 ha but most of the requirement is fulfilled by imported agro good. Over 100 million worth of  agro products were imported in this fiscal year. Day after day Nepalese agriculture is facing larger hurdles. Although having great potentiality produce enough agro products to feed its citizen as well as export them, we are unable to do so. This is resulting to food insecure future, thanks to major population involving in subsistence agriculture, improper or no irrigation at all, high cost production technologies, worse mechanization and road access agricultural policies limited to blue prints.
In order to secure the future of agriculture in long run above mentioned problems need to be addressed. The infrastructures basis for agriculture development such as irrigation, road access are more or less on their way to progress. But the main change that is required is the change in the system of agriculture i.e. commercialization of subsistence farming. If food security is to be achieved and economy is to be strengthen, commercialization of agriculture has to be extensively be discussed and practiced.


Statement of the Problem

The Nepalese agricultural sector is dominated by the production of basic staple grain. About 82% of cultivated land is planted with cereal crops but basic staple crop contributes only about 30% of agricultural gross domestic product. Since the area of high value crop in total area is still small, the desired process of agriculture diversification is struggling to be noticed at  the aggregate level. The reliance on subsistence level agriculture hinders the growth and contributes less towards fighting poverty and food insecurity. There are various obstacles in commercialization of agriculture that are compelling Nepalese farmers to follow the traditional way of agriculture farming. The average land holding per family across the country is found to be less than 0.8 hectare. Because of less land holding size, unavailability of other employment opportunities in the country, majority of the farmers in the country are compelled to adopt subsistence agriculture. Due to lower investment capacity and  lack of infrastructure and market opportunities majority of farmers are adopting traditional technology in their production system. Other reasons include unavailability of labor due to the trend of youth leaving the country for employment. Hence agriculture has become the job of old people, child and women and it has become culture of traditional ideas and technologies. In this context there is urgent need of quick and strong decision that will positively co relate with agricultural development in strategic and sustainable way.

Our research aims to investigate the portion of Nepalese agriculture that is involved in subsistence and commercial aspects. The reason behind lagging of of commercial agriculture and its major bottlenecks are also studied under our research. We will try our best to mediate those problems of farmers to concerned authorities.

OBJECTIVES

  • To know about system of agriculture in that area.
  • To study the role of subsistence agriculture as a major impediment in economic growth.
  • To study causes behind the preference of subsistence agriculture in chitwan.
  • To suggest major ways to substitute subsistence agriculture by commercial agriculture.

HYPOTHESIS


we will try to find bottleneck of agriculture commercialization by alternative hypothesis other than Null hypothesis.  

SIGNIFICANCE

  • It provides a kind of platform of interaction with farmers thereby simplifying the routes of extension program and rural development.
  • It sill act as a mediator of the farmer's expectation to government bodies.
  • It will act as reference of the ones who is going to conduct research in relevant field.
  • It will practice to picturize the situation of rural agriculture practises.
  • It helps to know about the reliability of farmers in subsistence agriculture.


LIMITATIONS

  • This research will be conducted only among the people living in Bharatpur 18 and 19 that may be drafted as an abstract rather than concrete data.It may no reflect the condition of whole nation.
  • Our research will be confined in few questions that may not cover the whole sole situation of agriculture practices.
  • We may not get co operative and hospitable respondents to complete our research.
  • Some respondents may be satisfied with subsistence farming they are currently involved in or may not care about commercial agriculture.

LITERATURE REVIEW


Associated with low level of economic growth Nepal is characterized as a country with large portion of rural population, relative poor people and subsistence farming.In various , all of these are interconnected. About 80 percent of the country lives in rural area and agriculture is their primary livelihood where the rural poverty rate is three times that of urban areas.This poverty rate can be associated with the subsistence nature of the major means of livelihood in these areas i.e. agriculture.

                   Nepal's agriculture is largely based on low value cereals and subsistence production with a mere of 13 percent of  output traded in the market. Although there is considerable scope for increasing productivity and value added and the sectors currently 40 percent share in national GDP. Despite  an increase reliance on remittance from laborers abroad, the absence of economic opportunities leads the farmers towards subsistence agriculture. As world development product 2008, suggests improving productivity in agriculture and shifting people from subsistence agriculture is essential for taking out people from extreme poverty  and achieving millennium goals. Thus, creating opportunities in non farm sector and improving productivity and value addition in agriculture through commercialization is important.

                    In this context, commercialization of agriculture has been proposed as feasible option for economic growth and poverty alleviation .Since the formulation fifth five year plan (1975-1980),  agriculture has been the highest priorities because the economic growth was dependent on both increasing productivity of existing crop and diversifying the agriculture base for use as industrial inputs(Savada ,M A1991 ). The adoption of 20 year agriculture perspective plan in 1997 reflects the emphasis of the government has given on agriculture sector and its commercialization.

METHODOLOGY

Our research methodology will generally have two approaches; one quantitative that deals with data collection for study and another is qualitative that talks about general questionnaire or analytical study. Among them we will select qualitative approach i.e. questionnaire including 100-150- questions and people will be asked by random sampling method and required data will be collected.

RESEARCH AREA

The area of our research will be centered in Bharatpur 18, 19 and its periphery.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research will be conducted by our team which will be descriptive and qualitative. We will make a report of their verbal information and ideas.

DATA COLLECTION TOOLS

Among the different data collection techniques we will choose the interview and questionnaire method. We will ask them relevant questions thoroughly according to questionnaire.

DATA ANALYSIS

This calculated data will be analyzed by calculating average value and thus calculated value will be used for further analysis and to dispatch finding and to prepare report.

REFERENCES:

  1. krishi diary 2075/74,central bureau of statistics,Nepal
  2. www.samridhi.org, august 2011
  3. www.kullabs.com
  4. www.worldbank.org,2014 april 11
  5. www.spotlightnepal.com
  6. gowithscience


THANK YOU





    










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